Which vitamin is primarily involved in calcium metabolism?

Vitamin D plays a critical role in calcium metabolism, which is essential for maintaining healthy bones and supporting various bodily functions. It facilitates the absorption of calcium from the diet in the intestines and helps regulate the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. Without adequate vitamin D, the body struggles to absorb calcium effectively, which can lead to weakened bones and conditions such as osteoporosis or rickets in children.

Vitamin D also influences the way the body stores calcium and works alongside parathyroid hormone to ensure that calcium levels remain balanced. It's particularly significant in the context of exercise and sports, as adequate calcium levels are crucial for muscle contraction and overall athletic performance.

Other vitamins such as A, C, and E do not have a primary role in calcium metabolism, though they are important for various other bodily functions, including immune function and acting as antioxidants. However, none of them significantly impact the absorption or regulation of calcium to the extent that vitamin D does.