Which nutrients are vital for an athlete's immune health?

Vitamins A, C, D, zinc, and selenium are integral to maintaining immune health, especially for athletes who experience increased physical stress and potential exposure to illness due to rigorous training and competition.

Vitamin A supports the integrity of the mucosal surfaces, which are the body's first line of defense against pathogens. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the body from oxidative stress and is vital for the function of immune cells. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in enhancing the pathogen-fighting effects of monocytes and macrophages — white blood cells that are essential for the immune response. Zinc is critical for the development and function of immune cells, and selenium contributes to the production of antibodies and enhances the antioxidant defense system.

While fiber, carbohydrates, protein, and calories are key components of an athlete's overall nutrition and energy needs, they do not specifically target immune health in the same way as the specified vitamins and minerals. Additionally, saturated fats and sugars are not beneficial for immune function and can even lead to inflammation if consumed in excess. Hence, focusing on vitamins and minerals is essential for bolstering the immune system, particularly in athletes.