What is the role of GLUT4 in the body?

GLUT4 plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, particularly in response to insulin. When insulin is released into the bloodstream, it binds to insulin receptors on the surface of muscle and adipose (fat) tissues. This process stimulates the translocation of GLUT4 protein from intracellular storage vesicles to the plasma membrane of these cells. Once GLUT4 is present on the cell surface, it facilitates the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.

This glucose uptake is essential for providing energy, particularly during physical activity when muscles require more glucose for fuel. Additionally, by promoting glucose utilization, GLUT4 helps to regulate blood sugar levels and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Its function is vital not only in the process of energy production but also in the context of conditions such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, where GLUT4 activity may be impaired.