What is the energy availability threshold for negative reproductive health in female athletes?

The energy availability threshold that is associated with negative reproductive health in female athletes is defined as less than 30 calories per kilogram of fat-free mass (FFM) daily. This threshold is critical because it reflects the energy balance necessary to support not only the high physical demands placed on athletes but also to maintain essential physiological functions, particularly in reproductive health.

When energy availability falls below this threshold, a number of hormonal and physiological disruptions can occur. This may lead to issues such as menstrual irregularities, increased risk of stress fractures, and overall compromised health. Female athletes often require careful management of energy intake to ensure they meet their metabolic needs while still supporting performance.

Understanding the importance of this threshold enables sports dietitians and coaches to better guide female athletes in their nutritional strategies. The focus should be on promoting adequate energy intake to avoid the negative consequences associated with low energy availability, which can significantly impact an athlete's health and performance.